Classification on the Basis of Instruments Used. A Transit is a surveying instrument having a horizontal circle divided into degrees, minutes, and seconds. It has brass handles at both ends for easy handling. Chain or tape, Arrows, Pegs, Ranging rods, Offset rods, Laths or whites, Plumb bob, Cross staff and Mallet. Chains or tapes are used to measure distances on the field. is required to transfer the points to the ground. Surveying - Punmia, Vol. 1) EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES: Chain A chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. (ii) A metallic tape 20 m or 30 m in length. Reference Books: 1. Ends of chains carry . compass surveying . a. In the device, each link is a solid bar. 5. 2. Instruments Used in Chain Surveying Some of the main instruments that are used in chain surveying are: 1. WEEK1_Chapter 2 Chain Survey.pdf - CHAPTER 2: CHAIN SURVEY / DISTANCE / LINEAR MEASUREMENT Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti. Book Detail: Surveying and Leveling Levelling is a process of determining the height of one level relative to another.It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum, or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum.
It is the simplest of all other methods of surveying like traversing, topography, or plane table surveying. There were 100 links, each 0.66 feet in length. 6.Cross Staffs 6. The links is 0.2 m or 200 mm in diameter. The most common surveyor's chain was 66 feet long and made up of 100 links. Classification on the Basis of Instruments Used. 3 Types of Chain in Surveying. Plane Surveying: The type of surveying in which the mean surface Purpose 5-3.
Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between them, and by preparing a map to any suitable scale. 1962 and 1967. (iii) About one dozen ranging rods (the actual number depends upon the extent of survey). . (i) To start the chaining of a line the follower holds the zero end of the chain in contact with the peg at the beginning of the line and presses the handle with his feet and .
Basic Terms Used in Chain Surveying Some of the terms that are commonly used in chain surveying are described in short below: 1. 2. Preparation of surveys and related mapping specifications . Surveyor's compass. According to the instruments used, the surveying is classifieds follows: chain surveying . theodolite surveying . lab #3: survey of an area by chain survey (closed traverse) 8 lab #4: chaining across obstacles 10 lab #5: chain surveying (mapping by tape) 15 lab #6: study of level and levelling staff 18 lab #7: differential or fly levelling - reduce levels by h.i method 22 lab # 8: differential or fly levelling - reduce levels by rise and fall method 24 3) Determination of area of polygon by chain and cross staff survey. In addition, they also have features for measurement to points that cannot It derives its name from the fact that the principle equipment commonly used is the . Chain surveying requires chain, tape and ranging rods. The following instruments are required for measurements with chain and tape: [1] ARROWS. Leveling work is carried out using a Dumpy level and a leveling staff. It is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made, no angular measurements are taken. Pegs. Gravity surveying : Fluctuation of gravity value from place to place. Field work b . chain survey, compass survey instrument, compass survey pdf, compass surveying, compass surveying procedure, prismatic compass, prismatic compass survey, theodolite survey 0 Comment Survey Compass can be used as a simple compass in your pocket or use the augmented reality view to determine the bearing and elevation of objects in the distance. Pages in category "Surveying instruments" The following 53 pages are in this category, out of 53 total.
To measure distance between two points. Invented by the English mathematician Edmund Gunter in the early 17th century, Gunter's chain is exactly 22 yards (about 20 m) long and divided into 100 links. View 03 Chapter 3 - Chain Surveying.pdf from CE MISC at University of Notre Dame.
Chain Surveying Lesson 4. 3.
Chain surveying is a very old method but is still used at times when you don't have proper equipment and technologies like in remote . Based on instruments: . Holding both the handles in the left hand, throw. Chain surveying is one of the methods of land surveying. Chain surveying is not suitable for large areas having many details. 2. plane table surveying . Download Solution PDF. The source of the term "chain" is frequently used in tape and steel tape measurements in surveying.
It is the method of land surveying in which only linear measurements are made. A 100 m tape is suspended between the ends under a pull of 200 N. If the weight of the tape is 30 N, the correct distance between the tape ends will be nearly. A chain (see Fig.
4. The three main obstacles in chaining of a line are of the following types: 1. COMPASS TRAVERSING 10-24 25-33 MODULE 4. This is a very easy method of surveying.
Chaining Obstructed, Vision Free 3.
The process of surveying is therefore in three stages namely: (i) Taking a general view This part of the definition is important as it indicates the need to obtain an overall picture of what is required before any type of survey work is undertaken. Shape of the Earth 3.1.1 B.
These surveys are of high precision and extend over large areas. Metric chain (ii). Generally a . View Lab Report - Survey Instruments.pdf from MKTG BA 640 at University of South Carolina. In chain surveying, the area that is to be measured is divided into a network of small triangles.
Surveying 6XUYH\LQJ is the art of and science of determining the relative positions of various points or stations on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical UNFOLDING. The equipment required in chain surveying includes the following: (i) A chain with a set of ten arrows.
THE MAKERS OF SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS IN AMERICA SINCE 1700. by Charles E. Smart. It is very convenient for measuring distances in miles and furlongs and for chain . Chains and Tapes.
Write the different types of Chain. To determine the difference in elevation of two points or to measure the height of a building/tower or depth of a valley.
4. - I, Laxmi Publication. Chain is used as unit of measurement for horizontal distances in chain surveying. Steel . Usually, a chain has a total length of 20 metres, including one handle at each end.
Types of Surveys: Geodetic Surveying: The type of surveying that takes into account the true shape of the earth. of an actual chain made of individual links. 3.2 Steel Band or Band Chain. Arrows are made up of 4 mm diameter steel wire with one end sharpened . These units of measurement can still be found in many older deeds on record at the courthouse. (iv) An offset rod. 4. Chain surveying is a very common method of surveying that is used for less-precise but quick results. What are the instruments required for a chain survey? When the length of the line to be measured is more than a chain length, there is need to mark the end of the chain length. Main Stations: 1st edition published in 1892. 1. The leveling staff is a box section of aluminum or wood, which will extend to 3 or 5 m in height by telescoping, hinging or addition of sections. It can be read direct to the nearest link (200mm in length), every tenth link being marked . a. Revenue chain (d). 1 A chain Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. Below is a summary of eight different types of surveying equipment and their uses: 1. Transit type traversing a)By fast needle method b)By measurement of angles between the lines. H .TANDON for the civil engineering students. by A.W. 5) Locating given building by chain and compass traversing, (One full size drawing sheet) Arrows are used for this purpose. ranging . Thus, in discipline, the measurements are taken only in the horizontal plane. The following are the principal methods: Chain traversing. Plane table surveying 49-51 Lesson 8. Language: English Pages: 170 Author: Dr. D. Tamil Mani, Dr. V. M. Abdul Hakkim . by Ira O. Baker, C.E. It is suitable for survey small areas in open grounds to obtain measurements for plotting exact description of boundaries of piece of land or for taking simple details. Chain Surveying - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. H .TANDON 257559 views. It sometimes happens that a survey line passes through some object such as a pond, a building, a river, a hedge etc. The main pieces of surveying equipment in use around the world are the following: theodolite, measuring tape, total station, 3D scanners, GPS/GNSS, level and rod. Lesson 9. The one of the main instrument used in levelling is levelling staff. . Figure 1.1: Instruments Used in Chain Surveying Procedure: The entire procedure for chain surveying can be divided into three major groups. Surveying & Levelling - Kanetkar & Kulkarni, Vol.-I, Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan. In land surveying, this is achieved during the reconnaissance study. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. Instruments for setting out perpendiculars 5-4-1.Chain or tape Technical Terms Used in chain Surveying Survey Stations These are important point fixed on ground indicating the starting point and the end point of the survey line. Leveling staff. Based on the instrument used; surveys can be classified into; i) Chain tape surveys ii) Compass surveys iii) Plane table surveys iv) Theodolite surveys A chain may be metric or non-metric. A. Surveying is classified based on various criteria including the instruments used, purpose, the area surveyed and the method used. By this design, one square chain equals 484 . The length of the chain is 66 feet. Chain Surveying.
Technique of unfolding and folding of a metric. 1.1 Chain and Tape. The modern steel and fiberglass measuring tapes used by surveyors are still . SURVEY INSTRUMENTS S.NO NAME IMAGE Surveyor's Chain Measuring tape (Linen) Measuring tape (Steel) 1 SURVEY Chaining Free, Vision Obstructed 2. CHAIN SURVEY. . Calculation, reduction and plotting of survey data for use in engineering design . 30 and 50 meters - delicate instrument and is very light, and therefore, cannot withstand rough usage . Chain surveying is generally done for a relatively smaller area to describe the boundaries of plots or land and to locate the existing features on it. Ranging rod. Measure the offsets/or ties from every necessary point on the details to . surveying, some operations of chain surveying occur in other methods of surveying. Ground is fairly level 3.
TYPES OF LEVEL INSTRUMENTS The level is an instrument with a telescope and bubble tube which is used for measuring differences in elevation between various points. 1.1. 2) Locating various objects by chain & cross staff surveying. (The term "details" means a natural or manmade features at or near the ground surface). It is the simplest and accurate method of land surveying, In this, linear distances are measured on the filed. 3.4 Engineer's Chain. Groma (surveying) Gunter's chain; Gyrotheodolite; H. Heliotrope (instrument) Hilger & Watts; I. Inclinometer; Invar; J. Jacob's staff; L. Laser level; Laser line level; Most survey instruments screw onto a tripod when in use. The surveying activities are. H .TANDON 405030 views. 3.1 Metric Chain. 2-00 SURVEY EQUIPMENT 2-01 Control A. Methods of Traversing. Staff bubbles. Survey data is portrayed graphically by the construction of maps, profiles, cross sections, and diagrams. The Earliest Surveying Instruments.
5. Minor Survey Instruments - Box-sextant, Planimeter, Pantagraph, their working principles and uses.
Plotting work with conventional signs QUESTIONS 4 Chapter 5 CROSS STAFF CHAIN SURVEYING AND INSTRUMENTS 5-1. 1 link is equal to 1/100 of a chain or 7.92 inches. A FOCUSSED APPROACH Chain Surveying CHAINS Gunter's Chain : The Gunter's chain is 66 ft. Long and is divided into 100 links each 0.66 ft. Long. It has a vertical circle or arc. Technical Supervisor and Division Procurement Officer 2.1.1 B. It may also be considered as an applied science, because field and office procedures rely upon a systematic body of knowledge.
Classification of survey based on Instrument- Chain Survey, Compass Survey, Levelling, Plane table Surveying, Theodolite Survey, Tacheometric Survey, Photogrammetric Survey, EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement) Survey. Tallies are fixed at every five-meter length and brass . 3.3 Gunter's Chain or Surveyor's Chain. electronic methods, Chain Surveying, Minor Instruments for setting out rightangle. 100.5 m. 100.3 m. 100.1 m. 99.9 m. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Theodolite Surveying is carried out for many purposes, some of which are stated below; To measure horizontal and vertical angles precisely. Instruments required in chain survey 4-15. 4 Technical Terms. Principal of surveying - Working From Whole To Part, Location of a Point by With Respect to Reference Point. Chain Surveying Procedure: For chain surveying, at least two men are required, but frequently three people are employed. INTRODUCTION.
Metric chains are made in lengths 20m and 30m. remaining portion of the chain in the right hand.
ENGINEERS' SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS: THEIR CONSTRUCTION, ADJUSTMENT AND USE. 43-48 Lesson 7.
Surveying MCQ Question 10. [1] Chain Survey Is Suitable In the Following Cases: 1. 3. Surveyor's chain. chain . . Execution of photogrammetric and field surveys for the collection of required data including topographic and hydrographic data, 3. Early chains were wood; later ones were made of iron. The length is 20 m or 30 m. The metallic rings or tags are attached with chain to facilitate quick reading of the fraction of a chain in surveying measurement. Part 650 Engineering Field Handbook Chapter 1 Surveying 1-viii (210-VI-EFH, October 2008) Figure 1-14 Calculating horizontal latitude and longitude coordinates 1-26 from survey data Figure 1-15 Distance measured as either horizontal or slope distance 1-26 Figure 1-16 Odometer wheel 1-27 Figure 1-17 Breaking chain 1-28 Figure 1-18 Digital laser EDM 1-30 5. For alignment of roads, railways, bridges, etc. Chaining and Vision Both Obstructed. 5 Testing and Adjustment of Chain. Make a reconnaissance of the area and select a suitable framework (chain lines) and stations. The chain survey is preferred when the ground is nearly flat and open and also when the area to be surveyed is smaller. The aim of surveying is to prepare a map to show the relative . In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. The procedure of chain surveying. both the handles in the left hand and hold the. One face has a graduated scale attached for reading with the cross-hairs of the level telescope. MINE SURVEYING CHAIN SURVEYING Web: www.amiestudycircle.com Ph: +91 9412903929 1/32 AMIE(I) STUDY CIRCLE(REGD.) According to the instruments used, the surveying is classifieds follows: chain surveying .
chain. The following pdf lecture is created by GAURAV. Chain (20m, 25m, 30m, or 50m long).
While 66 feet seems unusual, it was used to keep the early chains from being too long and . Analog or digital tape measures are often used for measurement of smaller distances. Richeson.
Plane Table Survey by GAURAV. Chain surveying is the simplest method of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. PDF | Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Party Chief 2.1.1 C. GPS Technician 2.1.1 2-02 Care of Equipment . General 5-2. Tape. Chain Surveying. Chain used for Chain Surveying Each link at the end is bent into a loop and is connected to adjoiningly by means of three oval rings which offers flexibility to the chain. 1) is made up of connected steel segments, or links, which each measure 20 cm. arrows . 4) Measurement of bearings of sides of traverse with prismatic compass and computation of correct included angle. They are: (1) The surveyor, who does the reading and booking, (2) The leader, and (3) The follower. Position on the Earth 3.1.2 Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying instruments. It is the simplest kind of survey and is most suitable when the area to be surveyed is small in extend and is fairly level and open with simple details. (i).
9 . Introduction Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Chain and compass traversing.
1.
ENGLISH LAND MEASURING TO 1800: INSTRUMENTS AND PRACTICES. 2 Parts of Chains used in Surveying. It consists of the following: Hard . SURVEY OF AN AREA BY CHAIN SURVEY (CLOSED TRAVERSE) & PLOTTING OBJECTIVE: To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate an area of the field RESOURCES: S. No. pegs .
Basic principle 5-4. Levelling- description of level instruments 56-61 Lesson 10.
Systematic or cumulative errors (Instruments) wrong tape length poor ranging poor straightening slope sag (not straight) . based on the criterion given in Note 1. 3-00 SURVEY DATUMS AND THE MARYLAND COORDINATE SYSTEM Page 3-01 Horizontal Datum A. 2. EQUIPMENT: S NO EQUIPMENT QTY 1 Chain 2 Tape 3 Cross staff 4 Ranging rods(2mts) 5 Ranging rods(3mts) 6 Arrows PROCEDURE: 1. Non-Metric chain (a).Gunters chain or Surveyors chain (b). Instruments used for chain surveying: The various instruments used in chain surveying are as follows. Area is open and 4. Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Measure all the chain (based) lines once in each direction using the direct measurement. Remove the strap of the folded chain and take.
Tacheometric surveying is a method of surveying in which the horizontal and vertical distances of relative points are determined without using any sophisticated instruments such as chain, tape, etc. 2Engr.Shams Ul Islam (shams@cecos.edu.pk) 3. compass surveying . tachometric surveying etc. Details to be filled up are simple and less. OBJECTIVE: Study of various instruments used in chain surveying and their uses INSTRUMENTS: 1) Chain or tape 2) Arrows 3) Ranging rods 4) Cross staff 5) Offset rods 6) Pegs 7) Plumb bob DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS: 1 a) Chain: The chain is composed of 100 or 150 pieces of galvanized mild steel wire, pegs . Curve Setting - Simple circular curve setting by chain, tape & theodolite 10. Name of the Equipment Range Type Quantity 1 Chain Metric chain 20m or 30m 1 2 Tape Linen Tape 20m 1 3 Ranging Rods 3m or 2m height 5 4 Arrows 5 2. Procedure for carrying out chain survey 4-16. Compass Surveying by GAURAV. What is Chain Surveying? Topographic surveying : It is carried out to the features such as hills, rivers, forests and man made features like villages, buildings, transmission lines and roads.
The practice of surveying is an art, because it is dependent up on the skills, judgments and experience of surveyor.
3.
arrows . From determining property boundaries to preparing construction sites, surveyors rely on certain equipment to do their jobs properly. EVOLUTION OF MINE-SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS . Fig. Area to be surveyed is comparatively small 2. Then the sides of each triangle are measured directly using a chain or a tape. Sometimes a special joint or a tally marker is attached every 5 metres. A land surveyor uses instruments to make precise measurements of the earth's surface. 9. (ii) Observation and Measurement method. Hydrographic surveying : Related with water bodies like low water level, high flood level etc.
Chain Surveying.pdf - Chain Surveying Measurements \u2022 Linear \u2022 Angular \u2022 Direct \u2022 Indirect \u2022 Optical means \u2022 Electromagnetic methods \u2022. plane table surveying . It derives its name from the fact that the principle equipment commonly used is the chain. Theodolite Surveying: The theodolite is an instrument that is used to measure the horizontal and vertical angles. INSTRUMENTS USED IN CHAINING. Here the following topics of Surveying are discussed: You are reading a preview. 1966. This survey is carried out to locate the boundaries of a field and to determine its area. Transits are used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. Lesson 5. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. Engineers chain (c). The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and some time cross staff. 3.5 Revenue Chain. Radiation, Intersection and traversing 52-55 MODULE 6. 1.4 IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING Surveying is one of the world's oldest and most important arts Plane Surveying Chapter 3 Chain Surveying (Tape Measurements) Dr. Sari Abusharar University of Palestine Faculty of [2] To carry out survey of an area by chain survey and plot the same. Surveying is classified based on various criteria including the instruments used, purpose, the area surveyed and the method used. Lesson 3. theodolite surveying . tachometric surveying etc. 10. There are three basic types of level instruments, namely: 1) Dumpy Levels 2) Engineers' Tilting Levels It is a method of surveying in which the area is divided into net work of triangles and the sides of the various triangles are measured directly in the field with chain or tape and no angular measurement are taken. The horizontal distances are usually measured with a measuring tape or chain. 2. SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS This can be divided into two (A) Linear measurement (B) Angular measurement level readings. One Link = .66' Figure 1: Surveyor's Chain The early surveyor's chain used the English length of 66 feet.
Tachymeter (surveying) Tape (surveying) Tellurometer. 3.1.3.1 Total Stations A total station is used for measuring both horizontal and zenith angles as well as slope distances.
ranging . 20. Arrows. Specific surveying equipment is described below, along with its uses and any special precautions for its care.
. The Gunter's chain is 1/80th of a mile or 66 feet long. surveyor's chain, also called Gunter's chain, measuring device and arbitrary measurement unit still widely used for surveying in English-speaking countries.