The term conflict theory crystallized in the 1950s as sociologists like Lewis Coser and Ralf Dahrendorf criticized the then dominant structural functionalism in sociology for overly emphasizing the consensual, conflict-free nature of societies (see Classics of the . 1 View Tweet. Root causes can include poverty, homelessness, structural or interpersonal violence, gender identity, insecurity related to armed conflict, or economic inequality. Is the means that generate economic . QAnon and Human Trafficking Conspiracy Theories Are Causing More Harm Than Good September . Armed conflict and human trafficking frequently coincide. It is also hard to identify and prevent, which attributes to the growing industry associated with this crime.
Once these innocent human beings are collected and isolated, the traffickers use the conflict theory to their advantage. Define the terms "bourgeoisie" and "proletariat" and contextualize them within Marx's theory. In the United States and beyond, there is often a wide disconnect between grounded empirical evidence about the sex industry and policies on sex work and human trafficking. The second chapter explores what role the international community and the media have played in potentially restricting Canadian human trafficking policy. Preventing modern slavery is of global interest, but evidence on interventions remains weak. Human trafficking is a growing problem in the United States, specifically in Minnesota. Project: Human Trafficking: Structural Approaches to Understanding and Combating This research project aims to deepen understanding of the social, economic, gender, and political contexts of human trafficking. 1206 Words. There are an estimated 21 million victims of human trafficking around the world, with women and girls accounting for the vast majority of those victims. Strain Theory; Trauma Bonding Criminological theories are not often applied to human trafficking, but they can sometimes be used to explain why trafficking occurs. Human trafficking is defined by the United Nations as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of: Giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person or having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation ( Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish . The review identifies points necessary for the identification of the issues relating to human trafficking in America. Females and children are targeted because of their lack of power and groups that poses power use this advantage to abuse the defenseless in order to conduct forced labor and human trafficking. Introduction. As regional conflicts around the world have both multiplied and intensified, becoming situations of protracted conflict between multiple parties, an alarming increase in human trafficking has also become clear in these regions, both into and out of conflict zones. High demand drives the high volume of supply. Human Trafficking is most prevalent in Bangladesh and there are many surrounding areas that heavily traffic women. Victims are trafficked from many parts of the world, in particular, from South Asia and East Asia. Back to top. A report from the United Human Trafficking 1 HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A THEORETICAL APPLICATION OF ANOMIE ON THE TIER PLACEMENT SYSTEM UTILIZED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE'S "TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS" REPORT By: Jennifer L. Melvin Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction to the Study According to the United Nations (UN), trafficking in persons has been defined as: Although different countries face different causes, the root causes remain similar throughout the world. At the same time, human trafficking in girls and women constitutes a global oppression in virtually all nations either as the source, transit, or destination. Human trafficking is regarded as a crime and ethically inappropriate action when analyzed in terms of the social contract theory. . The way that sex trafficking fits into this perspective is how it creates a circle. Abstract. In this introduction, we briefly review empirical and critical scholarly literature on sex work and human trafficking policy within the United States. Posted on 08 Jun 2017. Human trafficking is a global issue involving almost all countries. It includes a discussion of existing frameworks and perspectives including legal and policy, and whether they are configured to address human trafficking in conflict. We agree that the voices involved in this are the victims, the families the government and the traffickers. Victims of human trafficking are difficult to locate and identify. The subject of human trafficking is the province of many academic disciplines as it touches on a variety of areas of inquiry including migration, human rights, women's rights, border security, prostitution, and labor rights. The evaluation used realist evaluation techniques to examine the intervention mechanisms, outcomes, and context . Reason for this was the tribal clashes that let the human trafficking to prosper.
In relation to human trafficking and human rights, conflict theory aims to offer a broad explanation for why and how social inequality, power imbalance, and oppression are able to occur. Human trafficking is the only industry in which the supply and demand are the same thing: human beings. Trafficking in Human Beings: Modern Slavery. provide an opportunity for the negation of of slavery. It consists of victims, buyers and traffickers, all of whom are a part of the cycle. Human trafficking is most often described as a form of modern day slavery because of its mistreatment and exploitation of the trafficked individuals (Lee, 2007, p.1). The theoretical and often political framework of sexual exploitation and sex work among women is widely and enthusiastically debated among academic and legal scholars alike. Drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering, and counterfeiting are among some of the most prevalent illegal activities committed under the banner of organized crime. People demanding the sale of people. The trafficking cycle is set up in stages: access/recruitment, grooming, breaking, maintenance, and exposure/selling. recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by means of the threat or coercion or forms of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control . In this context, and against the background of the impunity frequently enjoyed by transnational criminal networks, human trafficking becomes the modern version of slavery. Human trafficking, migration and conflict II cross-border trafficking in persons.
Feminism has a simple definition, it means that women seek gender equality through political, social, and economic gain. Human trafficking happens in every country in the world, in many different forms; however, the causes behind human trafficking are essentially the same for labor trafficking, sex trafficking, child trafficking, and all other types of modern day slavery. Human trafficking within the United States (U.S.) is not a new concept however; diminutive amounts of . Feminist theory is directed to the understanding of women 's lives, struggles, and how we can improve those areas of struggles for women. Most perpetrators are business owners, gang members, parents or family members of victims, intimate partners, owners of farms or restaurants, and powerful corporate . Second, human trafficking is fueled by the economic principles of supply and demand. Conflict Theory. The human trafficking industry is estimated to generate around $150 billion annually. Conflict Theory views deviant behavior as a consequence of material inequality between various socio-political groups. The term conflict theory crystallized in the 1950s as sociologists like Lewis Coser and Ralf Dahrendorf criticized the then dominant structural functionalism in sociology for overly emphasizing the consensual, conflict-free nature of societies (see . Also, the rational choice theory of human trafficking states that criminals are rational individuals who make choices to break the law based on the costs and benefits involved in the process . It targets vulnerable populations affected by war, poverty, and oppression. Perpetrators will use their privilege, wealth, and power as a means of control while others experience the same socio-economic oppression as their victims. The human trafficking system is based on power and control. Theories Of Human Trafficking. Conflict . These are also common origin areas among migrants in this area.
Increasing demand from consumers for cheap goods incentivizes corporations . The feminist theory is a conflict theory that looks at gender relation to power (Oakley, 1997). There are several situations that lead to the trafficking of individuals, and victims are forced to work in a number of different markets. What are the [] Below are key theories discussed in chapter 3: Rational Choice Theory: The theory essentially states that criminals, like traffickers, choose to commit crimes. The purpose of this study was to gather information about the knowledge level of social work practitioners when faced with the identification of human trafficking victims in a hospital setting. The pimp will typically have a place of residency or building that the girls live in. At the same time, it also has a strong history of being rooted in advocacy. Introduction. There are many theories of conflict to human trafficking but we believe that the main one involves greed and money. In this context, and against the background of the impunity frequently enjoyed by transnational criminal networks, human trafficking becomes the modern version of slavery. It is an issue that affects people of all ages, races, ethnicities, and gender . According to International Justice Mission (IJM), There are an estimated 35.9 million people held in slavery today. Root causes of Human trafficking contd. Follow @stopthetraffik. Although different countries face different causes, the root causes remain similar throughout the world. Conflict theory would suggest that human trafficking is a result of the unequal distribution of power and resources in society. Abstract. A review of media While human trafficking takes on many forms, such as forced labor, domestic servitude, child soldiers, and sex trafficking, the . This is relevant to our specific topic because of certain countries in Asia. They range from macro-level explanations to micro . Learn about class conflict in the context of Karl Marx's conflict theory. Human trafficking is not a problem unique to the United States, so it is necessary to examine how another country addresses trafficking from a legislative standpoint. Because the majority of these poor victims seeking opportunity and security are women and children, traffickers (typically powerful males) take advantage of their weakness and exploit them through their trafficking business. Those groups might be drawn . Sexism, racism, and classism are often contributors to human rights violations, as highlighted in the case of child brides, sex trafficking, organ trafficking . The second chapter explores what role the international community and the media have played in potentially restricting Canadian human trafficking policy. Structural functionalism and strain theory help answer "why". Conflict theory observes how the unrest in a society will cause it to change and evolve to relieve the tension.
In his " Address " to Lincoln on behalf of the International Working Men's Association, Marx praised Lincoln for his leadership in repudiating legal slavery and ushering into the U.S. a more just economic model. Conflict is a push factor for trafficking, migration and poverty .In Nigeria prone conflict zone, Boko Haram trafficked children and use them as soldiers and militias. Victims are pushed into human trafficking because of poverty . Workshop 2-3 November 2013. . By Sydney Brown. Better Essays. The coercion can be subtle or overt, physical or psychological. Human trafficking, in the transnational sense, is the process in which people are recruited or taken from their country of origin and transported to a destination in a foreign country where they are exploited for the purposes of forced labor, prostitution, domestic servitude, and other forms of exploitation. The "push" factors that contribute to the possibility of being trafficked are: poverty, limited employment, economic and political instability, environment decay, natural disasters, conflict-related displacement, limited . Updated: 11/19/2021 Complex emergencies such as armed conflict, civil wars, and genocide mean vulnerable populations are at an increased risk for exploitation and trafficking. Human Trafficking in Conflict draws on the expertise of scholars and practitioners to develop the existing conversations and to offer multiple perspectives. What are the [] The terrorist organization Boko Haram, for example, has abducted and forced women and children into sexual slavery in Nigeria, and the Somali National Army continues to recruit children into combat. Trafficking of persons is a worldwide crime. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. The United States has made the global fight against human trafficking a policy priority and employs a whole-of-government approach to stop human traffickers, protect victims, and prevent this crime. Human trafficking is a crime that is vast and ever-growing. "Push and pull" factors account for its presence. . In fact, much of the early research on . Conflict theory can also be used to explain human trafficking because the oppressors use their power to exploit the vulnerable (victims). The Wayfair conspiracy nuttery was started by "QAnon," the same Internet troll who said that Hillary Clinton is running a child sex slavery ring out of the basement of a pizza shop that has no basement. generally applicable to cases involving human trafficking. The report Fighting Human Trafficking in Conflict: 10 Ideas for Action by the United Nations Security Council distills insights from a two-day workshop organised by the United Nations University with the support of the Permanent Missions of the United Kingdom and of Liechtenstein to the United Nations, Thomson Reuters and the Grace Farms Foundation. This chapter provides an overview of some of the main theories and explanatory models and perspectives. Therefore, the main argument that is postulated by the proponents of this paradigm is that relations in society generate some attributes of conflict. feminist theory, absolutist theory, constructivist theory, conflict theory and trauma theory within the framework of international politics. The industry spans the world, energized by the power of globalization. There are many factors that lead to human trafficking, a form of modern-day slavery that exists in the 21st century.Today, an estimated 24.9 million people worldwide are still forced into a world of captivity. Identifying victims of trafficking can be difficult because many don't identify themselves as juveniles "victims." Furthermore, many professionals lack training and education about human trafficking and/or This paper presents findings from a 5-year theory-based evaluation of an empowerment and knowledge-building intervention to prevent the exploitation of South Asian female migrant workers. The dominant narrative in human trafficking discourse on victims is that of "a young woman and nave innocent lured or deceived into a life of lurid horror from which escape is nearly impossible," according to Jo Doezema. It is clear that the majority of the women involved in the illegal migration are looking for better opportunities for economic liberation. For example, the process starts with a girl who gets associated with a pimp. The problem is that with human trafficking has passed the micro level and has become issue of national and international level rather then a micro level. A report from the United The first of its kind in combining; community empowerment, big data management and anti-trafficking expertise to disrupt, combat and prevent the global issues of human trafficking, modern slavery and exploitation. The core concept of Rational Choice Theory has been applied by the authors identifying three main variables, rational decision making, free will, the cost and benefits to explain human trafficking . .
QAnon has been trolling the Internet for a couple of years with a wil. The trafficking of persons is a diverse and complex concept that not only lacks a universal definition but which is conflated by a wide range of competing theories or models of explanation. what they want from each other and need but one thing that drove them to each other and still is the cause for future human trafficking. Human trafficking involves exploitation in prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor, domestic service, and for the purpose of organ removal. Human trafficking has emerged as one of the largest organized crimes due to the amount of money it produces. GLOSSARY. The social contract or social justice theory is linked to the distribution of rights and duties among the members of a society (Williams, 2014).
Once these innocent human beings are collected and isolated, the traffickers use the conflict theory to their advantage. Define the terms "bourgeoisie" and "proletariat" and contextualize them within Marx's theory. In the United States and beyond, there is often a wide disconnect between grounded empirical evidence about the sex industry and policies on sex work and human trafficking. The second chapter explores what role the international community and the media have played in potentially restricting Canadian human trafficking policy. Preventing modern slavery is of global interest, but evidence on interventions remains weak. Human trafficking is a growing problem in the United States, specifically in Minnesota. Project: Human Trafficking: Structural Approaches to Understanding and Combating This research project aims to deepen understanding of the social, economic, gender, and political contexts of human trafficking. 1206 Words. There are an estimated 21 million victims of human trafficking around the world, with women and girls accounting for the vast majority of those victims. Strain Theory; Trauma Bonding Criminological theories are not often applied to human trafficking, but they can sometimes be used to explain why trafficking occurs. Human trafficking is defined by the United Nations as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of: Giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person or having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation ( Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish . The review identifies points necessary for the identification of the issues relating to human trafficking in America. Females and children are targeted because of their lack of power and groups that poses power use this advantage to abuse the defenseless in order to conduct forced labor and human trafficking. Introduction. As regional conflicts around the world have both multiplied and intensified, becoming situations of protracted conflict between multiple parties, an alarming increase in human trafficking has also become clear in these regions, both into and out of conflict zones. High demand drives the high volume of supply. Human Trafficking is most prevalent in Bangladesh and there are many surrounding areas that heavily traffic women. Victims are trafficked from many parts of the world, in particular, from South Asia and East Asia. Back to top. A report from the United Human Trafficking 1 HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A THEORETICAL APPLICATION OF ANOMIE ON THE TIER PLACEMENT SYSTEM UTILIZED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE'S "TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS" REPORT By: Jennifer L. Melvin Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction to the Study According to the United Nations (UN), trafficking in persons has been defined as: Although different countries face different causes, the root causes remain similar throughout the world. At the same time, human trafficking in girls and women constitutes a global oppression in virtually all nations either as the source, transit, or destination. Human trafficking is regarded as a crime and ethically inappropriate action when analyzed in terms of the social contract theory. . The way that sex trafficking fits into this perspective is how it creates a circle. Abstract. In this introduction, we briefly review empirical and critical scholarly literature on sex work and human trafficking policy within the United States. Posted on 08 Jun 2017. Human trafficking is a global issue involving almost all countries. It includes a discussion of existing frameworks and perspectives including legal and policy, and whether they are configured to address human trafficking in conflict. We agree that the voices involved in this are the victims, the families the government and the traffickers. Victims of human trafficking are difficult to locate and identify. The subject of human trafficking is the province of many academic disciplines as it touches on a variety of areas of inquiry including migration, human rights, women's rights, border security, prostitution, and labor rights. The evaluation used realist evaluation techniques to examine the intervention mechanisms, outcomes, and context . Reason for this was the tribal clashes that let the human trafficking to prosper.
In relation to human trafficking and human rights, conflict theory aims to offer a broad explanation for why and how social inequality, power imbalance, and oppression are able to occur. Human trafficking is the only industry in which the supply and demand are the same thing: human beings. Trafficking in Human Beings: Modern Slavery. provide an opportunity for the negation of of slavery. It consists of victims, buyers and traffickers, all of whom are a part of the cycle. Human trafficking is most often described as a form of modern day slavery because of its mistreatment and exploitation of the trafficked individuals (Lee, 2007, p.1). The theoretical and often political framework of sexual exploitation and sex work among women is widely and enthusiastically debated among academic and legal scholars alike. Drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering, and counterfeiting are among some of the most prevalent illegal activities committed under the banner of organized crime. People demanding the sale of people. The trafficking cycle is set up in stages: access/recruitment, grooming, breaking, maintenance, and exposure/selling. recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by means of the threat or coercion or forms of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control . In this context, and against the background of the impunity frequently enjoyed by transnational criminal networks, human trafficking becomes the modern version of slavery. Human trafficking, migration and conflict II cross-border trafficking in persons.
Feminism has a simple definition, it means that women seek gender equality through political, social, and economic gain. Human trafficking happens in every country in the world, in many different forms; however, the causes behind human trafficking are essentially the same for labor trafficking, sex trafficking, child trafficking, and all other types of modern day slavery. Human trafficking within the United States (U.S.) is not a new concept however; diminutive amounts of . Feminist theory is directed to the understanding of women 's lives, struggles, and how we can improve those areas of struggles for women. Most perpetrators are business owners, gang members, parents or family members of victims, intimate partners, owners of farms or restaurants, and powerful corporate . Second, human trafficking is fueled by the economic principles of supply and demand. Conflict Theory. The human trafficking industry is estimated to generate around $150 billion annually. Conflict Theory views deviant behavior as a consequence of material inequality between various socio-political groups. The term conflict theory crystallized in the 1950s as sociologists like Lewis Coser and Ralf Dahrendorf criticized the then dominant structural functionalism in sociology for overly emphasizing the consensual, conflict-free nature of societies (see . Also, the rational choice theory of human trafficking states that criminals are rational individuals who make choices to break the law based on the costs and benefits involved in the process . It targets vulnerable populations affected by war, poverty, and oppression. Perpetrators will use their privilege, wealth, and power as a means of control while others experience the same socio-economic oppression as their victims. The human trafficking system is based on power and control. Theories Of Human Trafficking. Conflict . These are also common origin areas among migrants in this area.
Increasing demand from consumers for cheap goods incentivizes corporations . The feminist theory is a conflict theory that looks at gender relation to power (Oakley, 1997). There are several situations that lead to the trafficking of individuals, and victims are forced to work in a number of different markets. What are the [] Below are key theories discussed in chapter 3: Rational Choice Theory: The theory essentially states that criminals, like traffickers, choose to commit crimes. The purpose of this study was to gather information about the knowledge level of social work practitioners when faced with the identification of human trafficking victims in a hospital setting. The pimp will typically have a place of residency or building that the girls live in. At the same time, it also has a strong history of being rooted in advocacy. Introduction. There are many theories of conflict to human trafficking but we believe that the main one involves greed and money. In this context, and against the background of the impunity frequently enjoyed by transnational criminal networks, human trafficking becomes the modern version of slavery. It is an issue that affects people of all ages, races, ethnicities, and gender . According to International Justice Mission (IJM), There are an estimated 35.9 million people held in slavery today. Root causes of Human trafficking contd. Follow @stopthetraffik. Although different countries face different causes, the root causes remain similar throughout the world. Conflict theory would suggest that human trafficking is a result of the unequal distribution of power and resources in society. Abstract. A review of media While human trafficking takes on many forms, such as forced labor, domestic servitude, child soldiers, and sex trafficking, the . This is relevant to our specific topic because of certain countries in Asia. They range from macro-level explanations to micro . Learn about class conflict in the context of Karl Marx's conflict theory. Human trafficking is not a problem unique to the United States, so it is necessary to examine how another country addresses trafficking from a legislative standpoint. Because the majority of these poor victims seeking opportunity and security are women and children, traffickers (typically powerful males) take advantage of their weakness and exploit them through their trafficking business. Those groups might be drawn . Sexism, racism, and classism are often contributors to human rights violations, as highlighted in the case of child brides, sex trafficking, organ trafficking . The second chapter explores what role the international community and the media have played in potentially restricting Canadian human trafficking policy. Structural functionalism and strain theory help answer "why". Conflict theory observes how the unrest in a society will cause it to change and evolve to relieve the tension.
In his " Address " to Lincoln on behalf of the International Working Men's Association, Marx praised Lincoln for his leadership in repudiating legal slavery and ushering into the U.S. a more just economic model. Conflict is a push factor for trafficking, migration and poverty .In Nigeria prone conflict zone, Boko Haram trafficked children and use them as soldiers and militias. Victims are pushed into human trafficking because of poverty . Workshop 2-3 November 2013. . By Sydney Brown. Better Essays. The coercion can be subtle or overt, physical or psychological. Human trafficking, in the transnational sense, is the process in which people are recruited or taken from their country of origin and transported to a destination in a foreign country where they are exploited for the purposes of forced labor, prostitution, domestic servitude, and other forms of exploitation. The "push" factors that contribute to the possibility of being trafficked are: poverty, limited employment, economic and political instability, environment decay, natural disasters, conflict-related displacement, limited . Updated: 11/19/2021 Complex emergencies such as armed conflict, civil wars, and genocide mean vulnerable populations are at an increased risk for exploitation and trafficking. Human Trafficking in Conflict draws on the expertise of scholars and practitioners to develop the existing conversations and to offer multiple perspectives. What are the [] The terrorist organization Boko Haram, for example, has abducted and forced women and children into sexual slavery in Nigeria, and the Somali National Army continues to recruit children into combat. Trafficking of persons is a worldwide crime. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. The United States has made the global fight against human trafficking a policy priority and employs a whole-of-government approach to stop human traffickers, protect victims, and prevent this crime. Human trafficking is a crime that is vast and ever-growing. "Push and pull" factors account for its presence. . In fact, much of the early research on . Conflict theory can also be used to explain human trafficking because the oppressors use their power to exploit the vulnerable (victims). The Wayfair conspiracy nuttery was started by "QAnon," the same Internet troll who said that Hillary Clinton is running a child sex slavery ring out of the basement of a pizza shop that has no basement. generally applicable to cases involving human trafficking. The report Fighting Human Trafficking in Conflict: 10 Ideas for Action by the United Nations Security Council distills insights from a two-day workshop organised by the United Nations University with the support of the Permanent Missions of the United Kingdom and of Liechtenstein to the United Nations, Thomson Reuters and the Grace Farms Foundation. This chapter provides an overview of some of the main theories and explanatory models and perspectives. Therefore, the main argument that is postulated by the proponents of this paradigm is that relations in society generate some attributes of conflict. feminist theory, absolutist theory, constructivist theory, conflict theory and trauma theory within the framework of international politics. The industry spans the world, energized by the power of globalization. There are many factors that lead to human trafficking, a form of modern-day slavery that exists in the 21st century.Today, an estimated 24.9 million people worldwide are still forced into a world of captivity. Identifying victims of trafficking can be difficult because many don't identify themselves as juveniles "victims." Furthermore, many professionals lack training and education about human trafficking and/or This paper presents findings from a 5-year theory-based evaluation of an empowerment and knowledge-building intervention to prevent the exploitation of South Asian female migrant workers. The dominant narrative in human trafficking discourse on victims is that of "a young woman and nave innocent lured or deceived into a life of lurid horror from which escape is nearly impossible," according to Jo Doezema. It is clear that the majority of the women involved in the illegal migration are looking for better opportunities for economic liberation. For example, the process starts with a girl who gets associated with a pimp. The problem is that with human trafficking has passed the micro level and has become issue of national and international level rather then a micro level. A report from the United The first of its kind in combining; community empowerment, big data management and anti-trafficking expertise to disrupt, combat and prevent the global issues of human trafficking, modern slavery and exploitation. The core concept of Rational Choice Theory has been applied by the authors identifying three main variables, rational decision making, free will, the cost and benefits to explain human trafficking . .
QAnon has been trolling the Internet for a couple of years with a wil. The trafficking of persons is a diverse and complex concept that not only lacks a universal definition but which is conflated by a wide range of competing theories or models of explanation. what they want from each other and need but one thing that drove them to each other and still is the cause for future human trafficking. Human trafficking involves exploitation in prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor, domestic service, and for the purpose of organ removal. Human trafficking has emerged as one of the largest organized crimes due to the amount of money it produces. GLOSSARY. The social contract or social justice theory is linked to the distribution of rights and duties among the members of a society (Williams, 2014).